Pneumonia .

Pneumonia

◆ Introduction
Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs Mays germs such as bacteria viruses and fungi can produce pneumonia.
The infection infects  your lungs air sac which is called as alveoli .the air sac may fill up with fluid or pus . Causing symptoms such as cough with phlegm , fever ,chills and trouble in breathing .

◆ Symptoms:
Pneumonia always causes a cough ,which often produce sputum .Red -brown ,green or yellow sputum may be sign of bacterial infection . Thin whitish sputum is possible indicates of mycoplasma or viral pneumonia.
Other possible symptoms include.
1) Shorten of breath
2) Shivering
3) Chills
4) Confusion
5) weakness
6) chest pain
7) muscle pain
8) Blue lips and nail beds from lack of oxygen in the blood.

◆ Causes :
1) Bacteria :- The most common course of pneumonia in adult
2) Viruses :- Often responsible for pneumonia in children.
3) Mycoplasma :- Organism that have characteristics of bacteria and viruses that causes milder infection.
4) Oportunistic Organism :- A threat to people with vulnerable immune system.
(Ex. Pneumonia carinipneumonia in people who have AIDS Infection .

◆Treatment :
It is depend on types of pneumonia ,viral or bacterial with ,which person is infected.
● Bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics.
● viral pneumonia is treated with antiviral medicine . This may involves chest X Ray and a blood test.

◆ Pathogenesis:
The microorganisms gain entry into lungs by one of the following routes :
1 ) Inhalation
2) Direct spread
3) Hematogenous spread..